anthony
30-04-2006, 12:25 PM
Definition
Clinical Depression is an emotional, physical and cognitive state which is more intense and long-lasting, and which has more negative effects on a persons day-to-day life.
Robs us of finding meaning in life.
Inhibits personal growth. Types of Depressive Illness
Unipolar mood disorders
Mood swing one direction > Down
Reactive; stressful events; gradual
Major Depression
Sudden
Endogenous
BiPolar mood disorder
Mood swings up and down
Season affective disorder (SAD)Symptoms (5+)
Depressed mood.
Suicidal ideation or self-harm.
Feelings of guilt and worthlessness.
Loss of interest and pleasure, including sex drive.
Lack of motivation.
Sleep disturbance.
Decrease or increase of appetite or weight.
Psychomotor retardation and agitation.
Tiredness and loss of energy.
Inability to concentrate or indeciseveness.Causative Factors
Some biological predisposition
Heritability
Life events
Cognitive distortions (thoughts)
Ineffective use of coping skills
Problem solving skills (helplessness)
Assertiveness
Self award (self reinforcement)Neurotransmitters
The brain lacks chemicals responsible for mood.
Norephinephrine, seretonin, dopamine
They regulate sleep, appetite, pain, etc.
Carry messages between nerve cells.
Only part of the problem.
Not the same for everyone.
The role of stress.Co-Existing Conditions
Panic disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Alcohol and substance abuse.
Seeming benefits
Depressant
Agoraphobia.
Social phobia.Associated Physical Conditions
Physical illness (epilepsy, cancer)
Pharmacological (steroids, amphetamines, sedative withdrawal)
Endocrine (hyper or hypothyroidism, diabetes, cushing's disease)
Viral infections (hepatitis, AIDS, influenza)
Neurological (MS, parkinson's, head trauma, stroke)
Hormonal imbalance (postnatal, menopause)Normal Depression
Feeling blue, sad, down, normal upsets.
Attitude: pessimistic or optimistic.
Depression and creativity.
Grief and loss.
Life circumstances, ie. poverty or loneliness.
Normal life changes, ie. puberty, childbirth and menopause.Myths
"Pull yourself together"
"Snap out of it"
Weak and/or mentally incompetent
No visible problem
Someone has "caused" the depression
Unforgivable sin or being punishedTreatment
Medication
Counselling
Supportive counselling
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Group therapy
Problem solving training
Assertiveness
Couples therapy
Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Self-helpSelf Help
Nutrition
Sleep
Assertiveness: say NO
"Pleasure days"
Use of "time out"
Reward yourself
Decrease self criticism
Enhance self esteem
Clinical Depression is an emotional, physical and cognitive state which is more intense and long-lasting, and which has more negative effects on a persons day-to-day life.
Robs us of finding meaning in life.
Inhibits personal growth. Types of Depressive Illness
Unipolar mood disorders
Mood swing one direction > Down
Reactive; stressful events; gradual
Major Depression
Sudden
Endogenous
BiPolar mood disorder
Mood swings up and down
Season affective disorder (SAD)Symptoms (5+)
Depressed mood.
Suicidal ideation or self-harm.
Feelings of guilt and worthlessness.
Loss of interest and pleasure, including sex drive.
Lack of motivation.
Sleep disturbance.
Decrease or increase of appetite or weight.
Psychomotor retardation and agitation.
Tiredness and loss of energy.
Inability to concentrate or indeciseveness.Causative Factors
Some biological predisposition
Heritability
Life events
Cognitive distortions (thoughts)
Ineffective use of coping skills
Problem solving skills (helplessness)
Assertiveness
Self award (self reinforcement)Neurotransmitters
The brain lacks chemicals responsible for mood.
Norephinephrine, seretonin, dopamine
They regulate sleep, appetite, pain, etc.
Carry messages between nerve cells.
Only part of the problem.
Not the same for everyone.
The role of stress.Co-Existing Conditions
Panic disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Alcohol and substance abuse.
Seeming benefits
Depressant
Agoraphobia.
Social phobia.Associated Physical Conditions
Physical illness (epilepsy, cancer)
Pharmacological (steroids, amphetamines, sedative withdrawal)
Endocrine (hyper or hypothyroidism, diabetes, cushing's disease)
Viral infections (hepatitis, AIDS, influenza)
Neurological (MS, parkinson's, head trauma, stroke)
Hormonal imbalance (postnatal, menopause)Normal Depression
Feeling blue, sad, down, normal upsets.
Attitude: pessimistic or optimistic.
Depression and creativity.
Grief and loss.
Life circumstances, ie. poverty or loneliness.
Normal life changes, ie. puberty, childbirth and menopause.Myths
"Pull yourself together"
"Snap out of it"
Weak and/or mentally incompetent
No visible problem
Someone has "caused" the depression
Unforgivable sin or being punishedTreatment
Medication
Counselling
Supportive counselling
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Group therapy
Problem solving training
Assertiveness
Couples therapy
Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)
Self-helpSelf Help
Nutrition
Sleep
Assertiveness: say NO
"Pleasure days"
Use of "time out"
Reward yourself
Decrease self criticism
Enhance self esteem